(English_(US)_MFA_dictionary_v2_2_1)=
# English (US) MFA dictionary v2.2.1

``````{dictionary} English (US) MFA dictionary v2.2.1
:id: "English (US) MFA dictionary v2_2_1"
:tags: English;MFA;IPA
:language: "English"
:dialect: US
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v2.2.1/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```

   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`english_(us)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_2_1`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/us_mfa/v2.2.1/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Alveopalatal
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 17,485
        * Examples
          * mayan: [m aj ə n]
          * almah: [æ ɫ m ə]
          * moult: [m ow ɫ t]
          * amite: [ej m ɛ t]
      * mʲ
        * Occurrences: 3,285
        * Examples
          * agami: [æ ɡ ə mʲ i]
          * jemmy: [dʒ ɛ mʲ i]
          * memic: [mʲ i mʲ ɪ k]
          * mists: [mʲ ɪ s t s]
      * m̩
        * Occurrences: 25
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɱ
        * Occurrences: 9
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 34,399
        * Examples
          * anton: [æ n t ɑ n]
          * noil: [n ɔj ɫ]
          * kuban: [cʰ ʉː b ɑː n]
          * ne'er: [n ɛ ɹ]
      * n̩
        * Occurrences: 236
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 7,153
        * Examples
          * jinny: [dʒ ɪ ɲ i]
          * enact: [ɪ ɲ æ k t]
          * nabbs: [ɲ æ b z]
          * nico: [ɲ i k ow]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 7,367
        * Examples
          * mongo: [m ɑː ŋ ɡ ow]
          * brung: [b ɹ ɐ ŋ]
          * using: [j ʉː z ɪ ŋ]
          * inc: [ɪ ŋ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 8,790
        * Examples
          * pluto: [p l ʉː t ow]
          * prove: [p ɹ ʉː v]
          * plead: [p l ɛ d]
          * sleep: [s ʎ i p]
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 11,342
        * Examples
          * newbz: [ɲ ʉː b z]
          * soba: [s ow b ə]
          * abort: [ə b ɒ ɹ t]
          * both: [b ow θ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 32
        * Examples
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 55
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 23,004
        * Examples
          * vital: [v aj t ə ɫ]
          * soft: [s ɒ f t]
          * yurt: [j ʊ ɹ t]
          * shoot: [ʃ ʉː t]
    * voiced
      * d
        * Occurrences: 17,316
        * Examples
          * doane: [d ow n]
          * dazed: [d ej z d]
          * rowed: [ɹ ow d]
          * poled: [pʰ ow ɫ d]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 4,402
        * Examples
          * lunky: [l ɐ ɲ c i]
          * clare: [c ʎ ɛ ɹ]
          * cleft: [c ʎ ɛ f t]
          * krebs: [c ɹ ɛ b z]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 2,701
        * Examples
          * gill: [ɟ ɪ ɫ]
          * guile: [ɟ aj ɫ]
          * glens: [ɟ ʎ ɛ n z]
          * gills: [ɟ ɪ ɫ z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 13,512
        * Examples
          * cried: [k ɹ aj d]
          * excel: [ɪ k s ɛ ɫ]
          * pac: [pʰ æ k]
          * scuff: [s k ɐ f]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 5,216
        * Examples
          * yaga: [j ɑː ɡ ə]
          * agate: [ə ɡ æ t]
          * glory: [ɡ l ɒː ɹ i]
          * sigg: [s ɪ ɡ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 207
        * Examples
          * ought: [ɒ ʔ]
          * rat: [ɹ æ ʔ]
          * often: [ɑː f ʔ ə n]
          * quote: [kʷ ow ʔ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʃ
        * Occurrences: 3,325
        * Examples
          * chase: [tʃ ej s]
          * gulch: [ɡ ɐ ɫ tʃ]
          * try: [tʃ aj]
          * chaps: [tʃ æ p s]
    * voiced
      * dʒ
        * Occurrences: 4,970
        * Examples
          * julep: [dʒ ʉː l ɛ p]
          * jawn: [dʒ ɒː n]
          * mage: [m ej dʒ]
          * jails: [dʒ ej ɫ z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 36,484
        * Examples
          * spore: [s p ɒ ɹ]
          * parsi: [pʰ ɑ ɹ s i]
          * texed: [tʰ ɛ k s t]
          * skint: [s c ɪ n t]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 15,814
        * Examples
          * chaz: [tʃ æ z]
          * johns: [dʒ ɑ n z]
          * hymns: [ç ɪ m z]
          * zizz: [z ɪ z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʃ
        * Occurrences: 6,861
        * Examples
          * shing: [ʃ ɪ ŋ]
          * shag: [ʃ æ ɡ]
          * smush: [s m ʊ ʃ]
          * shity: [ʃ ɪ tʲ i]
    * voiced
      * ʒ
        * Occurrences: 559
        * Examples
          * usual: [j ʉː ʒ ɫ̩]
          * dejah: [d ej ʒ ə]
          * hajj: [h ɑ ʒ]
          * jete: [ʒ ɛ tʰ ej]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 8,215
        * Examples
          * flux: [f l ɐ k s]
          * leafs: [ʎ iː f s]
          * photo: [f ow t ow]
          * force: [f ɒ ɹ s]
      * fʲ
        * Occurrences: 2,166
        * Examples
          * fiend: [fʲ iː n d]
          * flisk: [fʲ ʎ ɪ s k]
          * finch: [fʲ ɪ n tʃ]
          * fjord: [fʲ ɒ ɹ d]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 5,607
        * Examples
          * hev: [h ɛ v]
          * ivan: [i v ɑː n]
          * diva: [dʲ iː v ə]
          * lnav: [ɛ l ɲ ej v]
      * vʲ
        * Occurrences: 1,728
        * Examples
          * vim: [vʲ ɪ m]
          * dvd: [dʲ iː vʲ iː dʲ iː]
          * dvds: [dʲ iː vʲ iː dʲ iː z]
          * vide: [vʲ iː d ej]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * θ
        * Occurrences: 2,527
        * Examples
          * thor: [θ ɒ ɹ]
          * thong: [θ ɑ ŋ]
          * kathy: [cʰ æ θ i]
          * death: [d ɛ θ]
    * voiced
      * ð
        * Occurrences: 637
        * Examples
          * meath: [mʲ iː ð]
          * thems: [ð ɛ m z]
          * rethe: [ɹ iː ð]
          * oaths: [ow ð z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 976
        * Examples
          * hail: [ç ej ɫ]
          * hazen: [ç ej z ə n]
          * hist: [ç ɪ s t]
          * here: [ç ɪ ɹ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 3,717
        * Examples
          * hexad: [h ɛ k s æ d]
          * hatta: [h æ t ə]
          * hoofs: [h ʉ f s]
          * honey: [h ɐ ɲ i]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 4,440
        * Examples
          * dwell: [d w ɛ ɫ]
          * luan: [ʎ ʉ w ɑ n]
          * wabi: [w ɑː bʲ i]
          * wirra: [w ɪ ɹ ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɹ
        * Occurrences: 35,258
        * Examples
          * ruff: [ɹ ɐ f]
          * orin: [ɒ ɹ ɪ n]
          * fours: [f ɒː ɹ z]
          * yarl: [j ɑ ɹ ɫ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 1,149
        * Examples
          * yes: [j ɛ s]
          * ewen: [j ʉː ə n]
          * ubac: [j ʉ b æ k]
          * yam: [j æ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Tap`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɾ
        * Occurrences: 139
        * Examples
          * god: [ɡ ɑ ɾ]
          * gotta: [ɡ ɑ ɾ ə]
          * paid: [pʰ ej ɾ]
          * items: [aj ɾ ə m z]
      * ɾʲ
        * Occurrences: 117
        * Examples
          * city: [s ɪ ɾʲ i]
          * ready: [ɹ ɛ ɾʲ i]
          * dated: [d ej ɾʲ ɪ d]
          * buddy: [b ɐ ɾʲ i]
      * ɾ̃
        * Occurrences: 36
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 12,204
        * Examples
          * blush: [b l ɐ ʃ]
          * gloat: [ɡ l ow t]
          * late: [l ej t]
          * gusla: [ɡ ʊ s l ə]
      * ɫ
        * Occurrences: 11,157
        * Examples
          * cool: [kʰ ʉː ɫ]
          * skulk: [s k ɐ ɫ k]
          * hulls: [h ɐ ɫ z]
          * afoul: [ə f aw ɫ]
      * ɫ̩
        * Occurrences: 110
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 9,753
        * Examples
          * sully: [s ɐ ʎ i]
          * glad: [ɟ ʎ æ d]
          * lyra: [ʎ ɪ ɹ ə]
          * shyly: [ʃ aj ʎ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 16,574
        * Examples
          * cosey: [kʰ ow z i]
          * ninny: [ɲ ɪ ɲ i]
          * rocky: [ɹ ɑ c i]
          * rashy: [ɹ æ ʃ i]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 6,400
        * Examples
          * wfoe: [w ʊ fʲ iː]
          * dll: [dʲ iː ɛ ɫ ɛ ɫ]
          * bixie: [bʲ iː ʃ i ej]
          * three: [θ ɹ iː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʉ
        * Occurrences: 2,271
        * Examples
          * sault: [s ʉ]
          * few: [fʲ ʉ]
          * jewry: [dʒ ʉ ə ɹ i]
          * toots: [tʰ ʉ t s]
      * ʉː
        * Occurrences: 4,636
        * Examples
          * lubes: [ʎ ʉː b z]
          * usest: [j ʉː z ə s t]
          * pupa: [pʲ ʉː p ə]
          * whoes: [ç ʉː z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɪ
        * Occurrences: 44,669
        * Examples
          * boid: [b ow ɪ d]
          * optic: [ɑ p tʲ ɪ k]
          * limbs: [ʎ ɪ m z]
          * titty: [tʰ ɪ tʲ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʊ
        * Occurrences: 2,529
        * Examples
          * broom: [b ɹ ʊ m]
          * pusta: [pʰ ʊ s t ə]
          * woman: [w ʊ m ə n]
          * put: [pʰ ʊ ʔ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ej
        * Occurrences: 11,327
        * Examples
          * slate: [s l ej t]
          * phage: [f ej dʒ]
          * plays: [p l ej z]
          * eish: [ej ʃ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ow
        * Occurrences: 10,146
        * Examples
          * doses: [d ow s i z]
          * doe: [d ow]
          * yeo: [j ow]
          * polo: [pʰ ow l ow]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 47,030
        * Examples
          * maka: [m ɑ k ə]
          * poems: [pʰ ow ə m z]
          * uncle: [ɐ ŋ k ə ɫ]
          * sfnal: [ɛ s ɛ f n ə ɫ]
      * ɚ
        * Occurrences: 9,853
        * Examples
          * avers: [ej v ɚ z]
          * major: [m ej dʒ ɚ]
          * loser: [ʎ ʉ z ɚ]
          * tenor: [tʰ ɛ n ɚ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 18,865
        * Examples
          * hexes: [h ɛ k s ɪ z]
          * crepe: [c ɹ ɛ p]
          * deco: [d ɛ k ow]
          * plebs: [p l ɛ b z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɝ
        * Occurrences: 3,497
        * Examples
          * serb: [s ɝ b]
          * ashur: [æ ʃ ɝ]
          * lured: [l ɝ d]
          * ferko: [f ɝ k ow]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * æ
        * Occurrences: 15,969
        * Examples
          * alga: [æ ɫ ɡ ə]
          * zaman: [z æ m ə n]
          * swang: [s w æ ŋ]
          * babel: [b æ b ə ɫ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɐ
        * Occurrences: 7,424
        * Examples
          * wyd: [d ɐ bʲ ʉː w aj dʲ iː]
          * clunk: [k l ɐ ŋ k]
          * null: [n ɐ ɫ]
          * junky: [dʒ ɐ ɲ c i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 5
        * Examples
          * might: [m aː]
          * like: [l aː k]
          * likes: [l aː k s]
          * night: [n aː t]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɑ
        * Occurrences: 10,648
        * Examples
          * copse: [kʰ ɑ p s]
          * maja: [m ɑ j ə]
          * josh: [dʒ ɑ ʃ]
          * dion: [dʲ iː ɑ n]
      * ɑː
        * Occurrences: 2,436
        * Examples
          * bari: [b ɑː ɹ i]
          * blois: [b l w ɑː]
          * nauru: [n ɑː ʉː ɹ ʉː]
          * basra: [b ɑː ɹ ə]
    * rounded
      * ɒ
        * Occurrences: 5,324
        * Examples
          * osm: [ɒ s ə m]
          * boggs: [b ɒ ɡ z]
          * warps: [w ɒ ɹ p s]
          * tawn: [tʰ ɒ n]
      * ɒː
        * Occurrences: 1,559
        * Examples
          * water: [w ɒː t ɚ]
          * gaul: [ɡ ɒː ɫ]
          * soyuz: [s ɒː j ʉː z]
          * haut: [h ɒː t]
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`aj`
* {ipa_inline}`aw`
* {ipa_inline}`ej`
* {ipa_inline}`ow`
* {ipa_inline}`ɔj`